However, a research team at the University of Georgia has worked out a solution to toxic denim dyeing that eliminates noxious chemicals from the denim dyeing process while using a fraction of the water. They work like bubble wrap, allowing sunlight to heat the pool while trapping the heat at night to maintain the temperature. While both options serve the same function, which is to measure relative humidity, they calculate it differently. Plates were first used in the 1970s to even the playing field between larger and smaller engines, as well as a safety measure as the tracks became larger and the cars became more powerful. Until recently, the mix of track layout, engines, tires, drivers and strategies, drag and downforce required most teams to field several cars, especially for Sprint Cup series competition. In addition to friction drag, there is pressure drag created by the low pressure behind the leading car.

That said, if there really is no other solution, you can fill a container with urine and put that in your radiator to try to cool it down long enough to get to a garage. He said the drag created by the boxy truck designs, as well as less horsepower than Cup Series vehicles, put drafting at the top of the strategy list. Drafting strategy is where a race becomes a mental challenge as well as a battle of speed and guts. Up next, we’ll learn how strategy plays a role in the NASCAR draft. But the trailing cars play a role as well. ­If you think you’ve heard it all, well then you’d better get ready for the next page. Both sports use pace lines – long lines of racers exploiting slipstream physics, as well as what is referred to as “pelotons” in cycle racing, or large packs of racers reducing pressure drag.

This is in large part due to drafting where an understanding of the physics involved allow drivers to help reduce drag and gain a few more miles per hour (kilometers per hour) in the process. This is why cars often run in drafting packs and lines, each gaining a few more miles per hour from the car in front and behind as pressure drag is reduced. In 1960, at the second Daytona 500, Johnson was behind the wheel of an under powered Chevrolet in competition with several dominant Pontiac cars on the track at that time including one driven by Bobby Johns. The same physical forces allowing Johnson to keep up with the competition led to Johns’ defeat. Johns spun out and crashed and Junior Johnson won the race. And if a driver makes a mistake and falls out of the drafting line it could spell doom for their chances in the race. The following driver can also pull a similar tactic, inching up on the car ahead in order to disrupt the flow of air over the lead car’s body. Remember, that airflow is critical for keeping the lead car’s tires stuck to the track surface.

Teams, sometimes official but often an informal collaboration, use the power of drafting to rocket members past the competition, vie for the best track real estate and even steal the race lead at a moment’s notice. Bodine said the days of practice leading up to a race allow each driver to get to know the other cars. The lead driver can step on the brakes, come within inches of the following driver, and deprive them of the air needed to cool the engine. Whatever lane they lead will go just a little faster than the one they just left. 2. Investigation. Air Defense Command will conduct all field investigations within the ZI, to determine the identity of any UFOB. Institute for Defense Analysis. The rear wing replaces the traditional spoiler and the front splitter is a thin horizontal piece under the front bumper that increases downforce. Teams will be allowed to adjust the angle of attack on the wing and the position of the front splitter to custom tune the car’s performance on different tracks.